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Apache Hadoop open-source BigData platform

LogoApache Hadoop 3.3.5 – Hadoop: Setting up a Single Node Cluster.
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Install Apache Hadoop on Ubuntu Desktop 22.04

For testing/learning purposes we'll install Apache Hadoop on a single-node local machine following theses steps:

Installing Java OpenJDK

Hadoop is a huge project under the Apache Software Foundation, it's mainly written in Java.

sudo apt update && sudo apt install default-jdk

Setting up user and Password-less SSH Authentication

Install Parallel Distributed Shell to issue commands to groups of hosts in parallel

sudo apt install pdsh

Create a new user 'hadoop' and set up the password for the 'hadoop' user

sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash hadoop
sudo passwd hadoop

Add the 'hadoop' user to the 'sudo' group via the usermod command below.

sudo usermod -aG sudo hadoop

Log in to the 'hadoop' user 

su - hadoop

Generate SSH public and private key

ssh-keygen -t rsa

SSH public key 'id_rsa.pub' to the 'authorized_keys' file and change the default permission to 600

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

Downloading Hadoop

Download the Apache Hadoop package to the current working directory, extract and copy to its appropriated path

wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/hadoop/common/hadoop-3.3.5/hadoop-3.3.5.tar.gz
tar -xvzf hadoop-3.3.5.tar.gz
sudo mv hadoop-3.3.5 /usr/local/hadoop

Lastly, change the ownership of the hadoop installation directory

sudo chown -R hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop

Setting up Hadoop Environment Variables

Add the following lines to ~/.bashrc

# Hadoop environment variables
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
export HADOOP_INSTALL=$HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/lib/native
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=$HADOOP_HOME/lib/native"
export PDSH_RCMD_TYPE=ssh

Next, run the below command to apply new changes within the file '~/.bashrc'.

source ~/.bashrc

Verify by checking each environment variable, i.e:

hadoop@puzzle:~$ echo $HADOOP_HOME
/usr/local/hadoop

Also configure the JAVA_HOME environment variable in the 'hadoop-env.sh' script

vim $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

Uncomment the JAVA_HOME environment line and change the value to the Java OpenJDK installation directory

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64

Let's check that all is working as expected

hadoop@puzzle:~$ hadoop version
Hadoop 3.3.5
Source code repository https://github.com/apache/hadoop.git -r 706d88266abcee09ed78fbaa0ad5f74d818ab0e9
Compiled by stevel on 2023-03-15T15:56Z
Compiled with protoc 3.7.1
From source with checksum 6bbd9afcf4838a0eb12a5f189e9bd7
This command was run using /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-3.3.5.jar

Setting up Hadoop Cluster: Pseudo-Distributed Mode

This allows you to run a hadoop cluster with distributed mode even with only a single node/server. In this mode, hadoop processes will be run in separate Java processes.

  • core-site.xml - This will be used to define NameNode for the hadoop cluster.

  • hdfs-site.xml - This configuration will be sued to define the DataNode on the hadoop cluster.

  • mapred-site.xml - The MapReduce configuration for the hadoop cluster.

  • yarn-site.xml - ResourceManager and NodeManager configuration for hadoop cluster.

We'll set up an Apache Hadoop cluster with Pseudo-Distributed mode on a single Ubuntu machine. To do that, we'll make changes to some of the hadoop configurations:

Setting up NameNode and DataNode

Add the below lines to the file $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
        <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

Next, run the following command to create new directories that will be used for the DataNode on the hadoop cluster. Then, change the ownership of DataNode directories to the 'hadoop' user.

sudo mkdir -p /home/hadoop/hdfs/{namenode,datanode}
sudo chown -R hadoop:hadoop /home/hadoop/hdfs

After that, Add the following configuration to the file $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>

    <property>
        <name>dfs.replication</name>
        <value>1</value>
    </property>

   <property>
      <name>dfs.name.dir</name>
      <value>file:///home/hadoop/hdfs/namenode</value>
   </property>

   <property>
      <name>dfs.data.dir</name>
      <value>file:///home/hadoop/hdfs/datanode</value>
   </property>

</configuration>

With the NameNode and DataNode configured, run the below command to format the hadoop filesystem

hdfs namenode -format

Start the NameNode and DataNode via the following command

start-dfs.sh

The output looks like

hadoop@puzzle:~$ start-dfs.sh 
Starting namenodes on [localhost]
localhost: Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
Starting datanodes
Starting secondary namenodes [arabesco]
arabesco: Warning: Permanently added 'arabesco' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.

Now that the NameNode and DataNode processes are running and the web interface is liseting at port '9870'

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